Pollution of the Air as a Result of Handling, Transporting and Processing the Concentrates

The policy pressures that contribute to air pollution from handling, transporting and processing the feed concentrates

- The concentration of processing close to areas of demand which tend to be highly populated areas, creating problems of dust disposal

Lack of adoption of environmental protection measures

- Inappropriate input and output pricing policies particularly subsidies for polluting inputs, such as fossil fuels and chemicals
- Inappropriate or non-existent regulatory policies that fail to respect environmental needs
- Inappropriate financial policies regarding exchange rates and import/export policies
- Economies of scale that encourage the use of a large volume of inputs leading to a large volume of outputs including dust emissions
- Geographical production patterns and policies leading to dislocated feed and livestock production

Policy options that can lessen the environmental risks from dust emissions include

- Environmental regulation:

- Improvements in the management of dust emissions - the polluter pays
- Banning or limiting the use of certain dust creating inputs

- Regulatory policies to reduce level of dust emissions including safe minimum standards
- Effluent charges
- Zoning policies to encourage relocation away from urban residential areas – establishment of processing areas with infrastructure to handle dust emissions
- Adapting pricing, subsidy and taxation policies to end subsidies on polluting material and ensure recovery of full cost of goods and services Emission trading mechanisms
- Investment incentives/transitional subsidies to encourage improvements in infrastructure to reduce dust emissions and encourage handlers, transporters and processors to move quickly to new minimum standards
- Encouragement of R & D to both limit dust emissions and develop alternative technologies

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